3.2 摘要的形式和范例
摘要分两种形式:报道型摘要和指示型摘要。
报道型摘要包括被报道的研究项目的目的、使用方法、结果和结论。这种摘要主要为会议论文、研究报告或期刊论文采用。本刊的第1、3类论文采用该类摘要书写方式,中英文摘要如以下范例:
1985年对655位美国人的电话采访得出了以下结论:大部分(54-56%)认为美国应该减少对以色列和埃及的支持;大部分(65%)倾向于美国应该参加有巴勒斯坦解放组织参加的中东和平会议;80%以上的被采访者认为美国应该维持与以色列和阿拉伯国家的友好关系;79%的人认为美国不应该偏袒一方;大部分(55%)认为建立巴勒斯坦国是该地区和平的基础。
Telephone interviews conducted in 1985 with 655 Americans, brought
these results: Most (54-56%) think US aid to Israel and Egypt
should be reduced; most (65%) favor US participation in a peace
conference that includes the PLO; more than 80% consider it important
that the US should maintain friendly relations with both Israel
and the Arab countries; 70% believe that US should favor neither
side; most (55%) think that the establishment of a Palestinian
state is essential to peace in the Region.
指示型摘要简要说明文章的内容,但不报道文章中使用的方法及得出的结果。指示型摘要主要为综述所采用,只陈述论文的主题范围,对于发展现状综述,还要给出文章得出的结论。本刊第2类论文采用该类摘要书写方式,中英文摘要如以下范例:
1985年进行了大规模的电话采访。被采访者就以下问题表达了自己的意见:(1)认为建立巴勒斯坦国是该地区和平的基础;(2)美国应该减少对以色列和埃及的支持;(3)美国应该(a)参加有巴勒斯坦解放组织参加的中东和平会议,(b)
不偏袒以色列或阿拉伯国家,(c)维持与双方的友好关系。被采访者也表达了他们是否对该地区的民族和国家的情况有足够的了解。
Telephone interviews were conducted in 1985. Opinions are expressed
on whether (1) the establishment of a Palestinian state is essential
for peace in the region; (2) US aid to Israel and Egypt should
be reduced; (3) the US should (a) participate in a peace conference
that includes the PLO, (b) favor neither Israel nor the Arab nations,
(c) maintain friendly relations with both. Respondents indicated
whether or not they had sufficient information concerning various
national groups in the region.